Myths about psychologists

In this case, any phenomenon, acquiring such a scale, often loses its depth. Having read the popular books such as "Psychoanalysis inthe comic books," many, for example, half-baked students psihfak are very surprised that everything is much more complicated and that psychology, in fact, science, and is not as simple as it seems.

Psychologist - this is not quite what is shown in movies, especially American.

Psychologist way or another has to do with "abnormal" people. A normal, healthy person to a psychologist will not go. One of the most popular myths.

First of all, the psychologist, by definition, deals with healthy people who have certain difficulties and problems. With mental health problems has to do a doctor, a psychiatrist. It is a medical specialty. Psychologists have no medical training and did not even have the right to treat.

As for the separation of a psychologist and psychotherapist, it is not so obvious. However, we can say that the therapist has to deal with more complex cases, the deep psychological trauma, personality problems. Psychotherapy involves a deeper and more long-term work, in the course of which can quite dramatically change the inner world of the client.

Psychologist as soon consults, dealing with a special cases, it gives recommendations (e.g., psychologist with the customer may turn out a reception list to help relax or, conversely, to concentrate and m. P.). However, in our country as long as this division is rather arbitrary. And the work, which began as a consultation, may develop into a serious and long-term psychotherapy.

"Shrink" and "psychologist" - is the same. The myth comes from foreign films.

In fact, these words - not synonymous. Psychoanalysis - just one of the areas in psychology with its principles and the specifics of the work. It is the work of the psychoanalyst you see when you see how a person lies down on the couch and begins to talk about themselves. Incidentally, the couch, though traditionally considered an attribute of psychoanalysis, but modern psychoanalysts have not always use it.

Besides psychoanalysis, there are several areas (approaches) in psychology, in which psychologists may work: Gestahl psychology, cognitive psychology, existential psychology, etc. Each approach their principles, methods of work and so on...

 The task of the psychologist - as soon as possible to understand the customer's problem, give the right advice, and for that he, of course, must have extensive experience.

To some extent, this also depends on the approach that works psi, but it can be argued that the task of the psychologist - not to give advice. Generally, the psychologist does not understand the customer's problem and solve it. It should help the person to create the conditions so that he did it - figured out a decision.

No one better than the man himself may not know the best solution to your problem, but it prevents too much to find him. That specialist task - to create the best conditions for the client to work with yourself. And this work is not easy.

The perception of the psychologist as a wizard who will solve all problems, one of the most persistent myths. Because our people are still so fond of all sorts of other psychics and magicians - a promise for all at once.

With regard to the experience of life, the time a psychologist does not give advice, it is not necessary to be in the same situations as the client. Quite the contrary - it may hinder rather: the psychologist can begin to transfer its own problem on the customer problem. If we talk about the experience, it is likely to be much useful experience in solving problems, one way or another, as the ownership of this mechanism.

 The psychologist should not be a problem, otherwise how can he be a psychologist and how it can help others ?!

Psychologist - not God. It may be there are problems. The only thing that is required of a good specialist is aware of their concerns, keep them under control, to keep track of time, if the problems get in the way of effective work with the client. To do this in a good psychologist must periodically undergo personal psychotherapy itself.

 Good psychologist, after a short communication is a psychological portrait of the interlocutor.

The task of the psychologist - not to understand the client's life and help him to sort out his life. Because it does not have this problem - as something to identify client's problem or his personality type. This hanging tags, one might even say, issues just are not very good specialist. After all, the assignment itself person to a particular type or definition of a certain level does little to address the real problem.

And do not confuse a psychologist with a clairvoyant.

 Each person - the psychologist, only some have a degree, but some do not.

If we assume that informal conversation in the kitchen psychological help - it may be ... And, perhaps, in the conversation of good friends there are elements of psychological work. If it is, of course, is not the instruction of the type "a wise friend's advice."

However, the specificity of professional work that he is doing it consciously, more deeply understand the processes occurring during the interaction, and therefore - manages this process. In this sense, it is more effective professional.

The insurance agent: duties

Exploring the regional conditions and the demand for certain insurance services. It analyzes the composition of a regional pool of potential customers, serving individuals and entities representing the institutions, organizations and enterprises of different ownership forms. Conducts reasoned conversation with potential and regular customers to get them interested in the conclusion or renewal of contracts of insurance (life and health, movable and immovable property, business and commercial activities, etc.).

In operation, the customer monitors, evaluates characteristics of perception, memory, attention, motivation and behavior provides understanding in contract for insurance services. Insurance agent shall establish the criteria and the degree of risk when contracting for insurance services, taking into account the state of health, age, sex, education, work experience, level of material security and other subjective qualities that characterize the client.

Concludes and draws up insurance contracts, regulates the relations between the insured and the insurer, provide for their implementation, carries out the acceptance of insurance premiums. It provides a correct calculation of insurance premiums, processing of insurance documents and their preservation. Promotes interest and demand for insurance services provided, taking into account the need to strengthen the material and moral support of various sectors of the population, as well as the growth of the risks associated with competition, bankruptcy, unemployment and other socio-economic processes taking place in the modern world. Assists clients in obtaining comprehensive information on security conditions.

Is working to identify and record potential policyholders and insurance facilities, gives an estimate of the cost of insurance facilities. During the term of the contracts concluded in communication with individuals and legal entities, entered into a contractual relationship for insurance services. In the event of damage to the insured evaluates and determines its size, taking into account the criteria and risk. Considering coming from customer complaints and claims on the disputed issues of calculation and payment of insurance premiums, payment of insurance compensation when the insured event in accordance with the terms of the contract. Sets the causes of violations of insurance contracts and take measures for their prevention and elimination. Explores undeveloped types of insurance services and their development prospects with a view to use in their practice and to create insurance agencies and services. Timely and in accordance with the requirements prepares the necessary documentation, maintains records and provides storage of documents relating to the conclusion of insurance contracts. It interacts with other insurance agents.

Must know

Normative legal acts, regulations, instructions, and other guidance documents regulating the activities of insurance agencies; kinds of insurance services, and the conditions of the various types of insurance; the legal basis for the development of insurance activities with regard to regional specific conditions; the existing system of social safeguards; methods for determining the degree of risk when contracting for insurance services and damage assessment; foundations of a market economy; basics of psychology and organization of work; order of the conclusion and execution of contracts for insurance services; domestic and foreign experience of organizing security of the population and economic entities; basics of labor legislation; rules and regulations of labor protection.

qualification requirements

Vocational education and specialized training in the prescribed program without requiring a length of service.

Job barman: with the elements of psychoanalysis and circus shows

The first mention of drinking establishments are contained in ancient manuscripts. For example, in the legalists of Hammurabi (king of Babylonia in 1792-50 BC.) Articles 108-111 govern the financial relationship between the owner of the tavern or inn and its guests, as well as the problem of finding where prostitutes. The first cocktail made in ancient Greece, diluting the wine with water. As such, the bartender profession originated in the United States during the gold rush. Then in retail outlets in the settlements sold all at once. Owners to increase turnover, were here to offer and a drink. Then the shop blocked the barrier that divided the shopping area and rest area, which became known as the bar (the barrier in English bar). Then there were the first bartenders. literally, the people behind the counter. Cocktails in their present form, too, came to us from America. And in 1862 came the bartender Bible - the first book, which contains information about the drinks, cocktail recipes and a professional code of bartender. It is used up to now, and some cocktails have become classics.

definition

One of the definitions of the profession - the bartender on public catering prepares alcoholic and alcoholic cocktails, punches, cup, grog, mulled wine; is on the established recipes mixture wine beverages with juices, syrups, fruits, mineral water and the like. d., whisk them, Cooks, pours into a special dishes, releases the manufactured products with nuts, fruits, confectionery and other related products subject beverage temperature; get the product and provides a storage; It serves the customers at the bar and at the tables ...

Barman activity in each case subject to the rules of the bar or restaurant and the degree of trust in the director.

The bartender - the person and honor, arms, legs and brain institutions. It depends on him a lot, and it imposes certain obligations. In addition to the perfect possession of a professional component of their work bartender must possess certain psychological and physical qualities. It is absolutely necessary to communicate, kindness and self-control. A good bartender - to some extent, a psychologist or psychoanalyst. He should be able to listen and hear, to communicate, to feel human. The bartender is often expected not only to drink, but also the understanding, sympathy or even advice. Or just a good mood. The bartender has to be a desire, almost a need to bring people joy. Each person - as a mobile phone: it needs recharging. If the bartender is good, it gives the recharging.

Attentiveness and good memory are not less important. Keep in mind the prescriptions of classic and signature cocktails and their variants is not as easy as it seems. And still need to remember who ordered what and when, he said, asked. Imagine you come into the same bar a couple of months and hear: You will be the same as last time? It is captivating. Anyone will appreciate this attention, and it's yours.

But this work also requires physical endurance: ten, or even more hours on their feet in an environment of constant noise, music, cigarette smoke, the crowd is not always adequate to visitors. Therefore, it is generally believed that the bartender - male profession. But recently, this view becomes a throwback. Girls who are able to adequately stand behind the counter, can be counted on one hand, but they are.

recipe for success

So, the recipe for success in the bartending business - a mix of professional knowledge and skills, culture, sports and, of course, business. The work bartender determined and motivated by two interrelated principles: profitability institutions and pleasure of visitors. The degree of profitability depends largely on wage bartender. In addition, satisfied visitors will come again and bring others, and one disappointed - it's also his friends who never will drop here and do not bring the money.

Payment of the bartender in different schools takes many forms. The traditional combination - salary plus tip, and the salary is not directly proportional to the chic establishments. Somewhere to the bartender gets all the tips, but somewhere - only part or nothing. It pushes the bartender at not quite honest action. Good salary and the necessary control - the key to a lack of theft. Otherwise it becomes a constant hunt: the manager comes up with a new trap to catch the bartender and the bartender comes up with new ways to get around them. And this energy and the flow of ideas advantageous to send to bar development. In some places, the bartender paid a percentage of the bar sales. In general, the problem of small-scale fraud bartenders worth so sharply that some managers prefer to work beginners, not experienced, equally well able to mix cocktails and find hidden sources of income. And this situation you can take advantage of.

To the barrier!

Many bartenders come into this profession by accident, usually a student, looking for part-time work in their free time. Flexible or night schedule allows at least attend the lectures, even in a state of half asleep. Young and still strong body without any problems to cope with such stress. And earnings give financial independence. In 1992-93, the student could make a fortune almost overnight. And the students have a vacation - that's when you can work in full force.

On the other side stand

So you choose a course, lost the habit, find a job. But even with a diploma bartender you take first as an assistant bartender - coffee-bai. Coffee-fight is the dishes, wipe the counter, his conscience easy ordering tea, coffee, juice, alcoholic beverages in its pure form. Typically, the bartender gives his assistant a 10% tip.

Then sent to the restaurants newcomers service bar where they prepare drinks for diners. This conveying operation is an excellent training session, here the bartender fills the hand, leading many operations to automatism. In this case, its tip him fall waiters. It was only after a break-in bartender allowed to communicate directly with customers in the main bar. In some institutions, especially in the summer, this chain may be subject to serious adjustments and reductions.

The bartender in many respects depends on the spirit and style establishments. There are places with very magical atmosphere, where you are happy where you dear guest, rather than a faceless customer. Where entertainment is combined with the intimate conversations. Where there is a courage and a light pleasant communication. The novelty and the feeling of something very familiar and dear. To want to come back.

Travel Manager: a portrait of the ideal candidate

Employees of travel agencies as a "bonus" have a chance to ride in a promotional tour, getting acquainted with new resorts and hotels, or accompanying groups.

In general, this specialization involves frequent movement, continuing education, and as a result, career growth. The universal recipe for success is as follows: first component - a solid education, the second - an impressive experience, the third - the appropriate personal qualities. Begin to gain experience while studying, which usually includes a paid internship. Thus, it is possible to begin to recoup their costs more in the learning process.

Behind the splendor of the marble lobby of the hotel, the cleanest beaches of club resorts and cozy rooms of expensive restaurants is a big job. Hundreds of staff regularly cleaned, seasoned, wipe, shred ... Unfortunately, the hotel and travel agency - especially during peak "season" - it is necessary, they say, "to plow". Often this is enough and physically hard work, so the first quality that you need for work in this area - hard work.

Most operations, such as cleaning of the room (room make-up) or mixing cocktail require execution of a certain sequence of steps. That it was not broken, inside each unit observed a strict hierarchy: the maids are on supervisors and their work, in turn, watch top managers. Creative nature, accustomed to do things their own way, such a framework would not be too comfortable.

Smile - key to success

And in the hospitality industry will never do without ... smile. Uncommunicative, eternally frowning ladies do not belong here. Travel management success depends on its ability to build not just formal and friendly relations. You should always be in a steady and good mood.

Useful as pleasant, with its appearance, good manners and neatness. Tourists come from different countries, therefore, not be more than language skills. You must also be a good team player, in case of need to replace a colleague.

Where and how to learn?

Education as the hospitality and tourism management is conducted within the framework of the same program. First, students learn all aspects of hotel operations and travel agencies: the work in the kitchen, reception and accommodation, room service. In the curriculum there are also the foundations of information technology, accounting, marketing.

The training system is organized flexibly. Knowledge can be obtained as a small sips, gradually rising through the ranks and volley, from the outset qualify for managerial level positions. The school year typically includes one semester of theory and practice of one semester.

Abroad, most career paths in this business starts with a certificate giving the right to perform the simplest operation. Education in this case lasts six months or a year. Then, gain experience, you can just one training course and receive a diploma, as if to continue his studies, and the advanced diploma (advanced diploma).

Advertising Designers: Creative Custom

How to develop a real thinking

Typically, the designer, designer, typesetter, who is engaged in prototyping various kinds of printed materials and layout, professional training in the field of advertising and not too necessary. And indeed, many of these professionals graduated from the department and design department, or graphic design. If a person working in the field of graphic design, knows the whole chain, from order execution to the visual image to the finished product out of print - layout, typesetting, printing technological processes, tsvetotodelenie, color correction, his salary may be a four-digit number. This specialist is beneficial to employ, because it can "plug" all technological holes. But! These craftsmen - a rarity. They were nowhere to be prepared.

How does an advertising agency?

The research department produces technical task, a so-called brief marketing. Through the efforts of account-manager, he turns into a creative brief. This assignment is the art director and copywriter - they are responsible for the creation of creative ideas, reflecting the marketing objectives advertising campaign. If the designers will do without the knowledge of the marketing component, not the fact that they will achieve the goal that set themselves. This specificity of advertising. There is a legitimate question: how to prepare a designer for advertising? What emphasis - on the artistic discipline or training necessary specialists on advertising? After all, there are two approved by the Ministry of Education of the standard: the standard in design and advertising standards. It should be noted that the designer working in advertising, works, not as he pleases, but as a customer so desires.

Advertising - is a high-tech and hard business, including creative. Consequently, advertising creativity - a kind of technology that can be taught. universities often prepared not just for advertising designers, and art directors, because that's what they sorely lacking in this market sector. The position of art director and designer involves training, and knowledge of the specifics of the advertising market. Is it possible to prepare such a specialist for five years? After all, artistic training takes a very long time. And the position of art director includes four components: marketing (market intelligence), creative (idea), technological (the embodiment of ideas on certain advertising media) and management (he is still the director). The question arises: what is the main thing in this profession, business or creative? Can one person who can not draw, make art director? it is necessary to "sculpt" of designers held Ideally, art directors. But if a person has not taken place as a designer, he still can become a successful art director.